Design and Prototyping of Efficient LED Counter Beam Light with Free-Formed Surface for Meeting International Tunnel Lighting Standards

Hsing-Yuan Liao, Sheng-Yen Chen, Hien-Thanh Le, Wei-Lun Gao, Fu-Chun Chang, Chan-Chuan Wen, Yi-Chin Fang, Chao-Hsien Chen, Shun-Hsyung Chang and Hsiao-Yi Lee
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Hsing-Yuan Liao: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Sheng-Yen Chen: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Hien-Thanh Le: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Wei-Lun Gao: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Fu-Chun Chang: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Chan-Chuan Wen: Department of Shipping Technology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Yi-Chin Fang: Department of Mechatronics Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Chao-Hsien Chen: Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Shun-Hsyung Chang: Department of Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan
Hsiao-Yi Lee: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Sciences and Technology, Kaohsiung 80778, Taiwan

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 2, 1-15

Abstract: An LED Counter Beam Light (CBL) with a free surface secondary lens is proposed to enhance the safety and efficiency of tunnels. The secondary lens was designed and produced to be mounted on a 50 W white-light LED array to generate the targeted counter beam pattern, in order to meet the standards for enhanced tunnel road lighting of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage)—CIE 88:2004—in a trial tunnel lighting scheme. Through the simulation of a road tunnel in Northern Taiwan using the LiteStar four-dimensional software, it was shown that the proposed LED light can serve as a qualifying CBL to generate an average road tunnel surface luminance (L av ) of 182.76 cd/m 2 , which is better than the 138 cd/m 2 that commercial High-Pressure Sodium (HPS) tunnel lights can provide and the 181 cd/m 2 minimum stipulated in the CIE 88:2004 regulations. The results also show that the proposed LED light accomplishes a contrast revealing coefficient q c of 1.03, which is above the minimum regulatory level of 0.6 for a qualified CBL, as well as a luminance uniformity U o of 0.89 (regulatory minimum, 0.4), longitudinal luminance uniformity U L of 0.99 (regulatory minimum, 0.6), and glare factor TI (threshold increment) of 7.24% (regulatory minimum, 15%). In order to test the feasibility of the LED CBL for future commercialization, the proposed LED CBL was prototyped and measured; the results demonstrate that an average road surface luminance (L av ) of 184.5 cd/m 2 , intensity of the luminance uniformity U o of 0.7, intensity of the longitudinal luminance uniformity U L of 0.94, glare factor of 7.04%, and contrast revealing coefficient q c of 1.38 can be achieved, which are all above the levels required by the CIE 88:2004 regulations.

Keywords: LED Counter Beam Light (CBL); freeform-surfaced secondary lens design; tunnel lighting; CIE 88:2004 regulation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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