Microgrid and Distributed Energy Resources Standards and Guidelines Review: Grid Connection and Operation Technical Requirements

David Rebollal, Miguel Carpintero-Rentería, David Santos-Martín and Mónica Chinchilla
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David Rebollal: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M), Avda. De la Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain
Miguel Carpintero-Rentería: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M), Avda. De la Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain
David Santos-Martín: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M), Avda. De la Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain
Mónica Chinchilla: Department of Electrical Engineering, University Carlos III of Madrid (UC3M), Avda. De la Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911 Madrid, Spain

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 3, 1-24

Abstract: In this review, the state of the art of 23 distributed generation and microgrids standards has been analyzed. Among these standards, 18 correspond mainly to distributed generation while five of them introduce the concept of microgrid. The following topics have been considered: interconnection criteria, operating conditions, control capabilities, power quality, protection functions and reference variables. The revised national standards cover ten countries on four continents, which represents 80% of the countries with the largest installed renewable capacities. In addition, eight other relevant international standards have been analyzed, finding IEEE 1547 as the most comprehensive standard. It is identified a clear need to define a common framework for distributed energy resources (DERs) and microgrid standards in the future, wherein topics, terminology, and values are expressed in a manner that may widely cover the entire diversity in a way similar to how it has already been expressed at the network transport level by the ENTSO-E codes.

Keywords: microgrids; distributed energy resources; standard; grid support; voltage ride through; anti-islanding protection; intentional island (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (10)

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