Impact of Inverter Based Resources on System Protection

Aboutaleb Haddadi, Evangelos Farantatos, Ilhan Kocar and Ulas Karaagac
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Aboutaleb Haddadi: Grid Operations and Planning Group, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Evangelos Farantatos: Grid Operations and Planning Group, Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
Ilhan Kocar: Polytechnique Montreal, Electrical Engineering Department, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
Ulas Karaagac: Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 4, 1-21

Abstract: Inverter-based resources (IBRs) exhibit different short-circuit characteristics compared to traditional synchronous generators (SGs). Hence, increased uptake of IBRs in the power system is expected to impact the performance of traditional protective relay schemes—set under the assumption of a SG-dominated power system. Protection engineers need to study these challenges and develop remedial solutions ensuring the effectiveness of system protection under higher levels of IBRs. To address this need, this paper studies the impact of IBRs on a variety of protective relay schemes including line distance protection, memory-polarized zero sequence directional protective relay element, negative sequence quantities-based protection, line current differential protection, phase comparison protection, rate-of-change-of-frequency, and power swing detection. For each protection function, potential misoperation scenarios are identified, and recommendations are provided to address the misoperation issue. The objective is to provide an improved understanding of the way IBRs may negatively impact the performance of traditional protection schemes as a first step towards developing future remedial solutions ensuring effective protection under high share of IBRs.

Keywords: renewable energy resources; wind turbine generator; photovoltaic inverter; power system protection; negative sequence quantities-based protection; frequency protection; German grid code (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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