Evaluation and Optimization of a Two-Phase Liquid-Immersion Cooling System for Data Centers

Cheng Liu and Hang Yu
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Cheng Liu: School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
Hang Yu: School of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-21

Abstract: An efficient cooling system for data centers can boost the working efficiency of servers and promote energy savings. In this study, a laboratory experiment and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were performed to explore the performance of a two-phase cooling system. The coefficient of performance (COP) and partial power usage effectiveness (pPUE) of the proposed system was evaluated under various IT (Information Technology) loads. The relationship between the interval of the two submerged servers and their surface temperatures was evaluated by CFD analysis, and the minimum intervals that could maintain the temperature of the server surfaces below 85 °C were obtained. Experimental results show that as server power increases, COP increases pPUE decreases. In one experiment, the COP increased from 19.0 to 26.7, whereas pPUE decreased from 1.053 to 1.037. The exergy efficiency of this system ranges from 12.65% to 18.96%, and the tank side accounts for most of the exergy destruction. The minimum intervals between servers are 15 mm under 1000 W of power, 20 mm under 1500 W, and more than 30 mm under 2000 W and above. The observations and conclusions in this study can be valuable references for the study of cooling systems in data centers.

Keywords: two-phase cooling; data center; CFD; immersion; optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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