Review of Design Elements within Power Infrastructure Cyber–Physical Test Beds as Threat Analysis Environments

Bjorn Vaagensmith, Vivek Kumar Singh, Robert Ivans, Daniel L. Marino, Chathurika S. Wickramasinghe, Jacob Lehmer, Tyler Phillips, Craig Rieger and Milos Manic
Additional contact information
Bjorn Vaagensmith: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Vivek Kumar Singh: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Robert Ivans: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Daniel L. Marino: College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
Chathurika S. Wickramasinghe: College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA
Jacob Lehmer: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Tyler Phillips: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Craig Rieger: Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho Falls, ID 83415, USA
Milos Manic: College of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, 601 West Main Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 5, 1-24

Abstract: Cyber–physical systems (CPSs) are an integral part of modern society; thus, enhancing these systems’ reliability and resilience is paramount. Cyber–physical testbeds (CPTs) are a safe way to test and explore the interplay between the cyber and physical domains and to cost-effectively enhance the reliability and resilience of CPSs. Here a review of CPT elements, broken down into physical components (simulators, emulators, and physical hardware), soft components (communication protocols, network timing protocols), and user interfaces (visualization-dashboard design considerations) is presented. Various methods used to validate CPS performance are reviewed and evaluated for potential applications in CPT performance validation. Last, initial simulated results for a CPT design, based on the IEEE 33 bus system, are presented, along with a brief discussion on how model-based testing and fault–injection-based testing (using scaling and ramp-type attacks) may be used to help validate CPT performance.

Keywords: cyber–physical system; smart grid; communication protocols; network timing; data visualization; ramp attack; scaling attack; cyber–physical testbed metrics (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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