Perspectives of Convertors and Communication Aspects in Automated Vehicles, Part 2: Printed Antennas and Sensors for Automotive Radars

Naresh K. Darimireddy, U. Mohan Rao, Chan-Wang Park, I. Fofana, M. Sujatha and Anant K. Verma
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Naresh K. Darimireddy: Department of MCSE, University of Quebec at Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
U. Mohan Rao: Department of Applied Sciences, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 7J3, Canada
Chan-Wang Park: Department of MCSE, University of Quebec at Rimouski, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada
I. Fofana: Department of Applied Sciences, University of Quebec at Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, QC G7H 7J3, Canada
M. Sujatha: Department of Electronics & Communication, Lendi IET, Vizianagaram 535005, India
Anant K. Verma: National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur 177005, India

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 6, 1-15

Abstract: Automated vehicles are becoming popular across the communities of e-transportation across the globe. Hybrid electric vehicles and autonomous vehicles have been subjected to critical research for decades. The research outcomes pertinent to this topic in the literature have been motivated by the industry and researchers to emphasize automated vehicles. Part 1 of this survey addressed the critical aspects that concern the bidirectional converter topologies and condition monitoring activities. In the present part, 24- and 77-GHz low-profile printed antennas are studied for automotive radar applications. These antennas are mounted on automated vehicles to avoid collision and are used for radio tracking applications. The present paper states the types of antenna structures, feed mechanisms, dielectric material requirements, design techniques, performance parameters, and challenges at 24- and 77-GHz resonating frequency applications. The recent developments in feed methodologies, beam scanning concepts, and the effect of sidelobe levels are addressed. Furthermore, the reasons behind the transition from 24 to 77 GHz are reported in detail. The recent advances in the application of various sensor schemes in an automated vehicle have also been discussed.

Keywords: electric vehicle; planar arrays; sensors; automotive Radar (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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