A Survey on Over-The-Air Linearization Methods for MIMO Systems

Marina Jordão, Rafael Caldeirinha, Arnaldo S. R. Oliveira and Nuno Borges Carvalho
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Marina Jordão: Instituto de Telecomunicações, Departamento de Eletrónica, Telecomunicações e Informática, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Rafael Caldeirinha: Instituto de Telecomunicações and Polytechnic Institute of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal
Arnaldo S. R. Oliveira: Instituto de Telecomunicações, Departamento de Eletrónica, Telecomunicações e Informática, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Nuno Borges Carvalho: Instituto de Telecomunicações, Departamento de Eletrónica, Telecomunicações e Informática, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 8, 1-17

Abstract: Transmitter antenna arrays are typically coupled to several RF chains, which imposes stringent requirements on the linearization of each power amplifier (PA) present in the system. For this and other reasons discussed in this work, Over-the-air (OTA) linearization methods are considered to linearize transmitter antenna arrays in 5G scenarios. However, several factors need to be considered when applying OTA linearization methods. In this paper, an extended critical review of validated OTA linearization methods is presented. The main goal is to point out and discuss the most prominent methods, in order to determine which one is the most suitable for a specific application. In particular, analysis for each method is performed and, subsequently, their benefits and the disadvantages are systematically discussed. This is sought to fill-in a gap in the scientific literarure and, thus, to help radio-frequency engineers in the implementation of OTA digital pre-distortion (DPD) techniques for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems.

Keywords: antenna array; digital pre-distortion (DPD); linearization; multiple input multiple output (MIMO); over-the-air (OTA) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
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