Automatic Generation Control Strategies in Conventional and Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Overview

Kaleem Ullah, Abdul Basit, Zahid Ullah, Sheraz Aslam and Herodotos Herodotou
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Kaleem Ullah: US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Study in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Abdul Basit: US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Study in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Zahid Ullah: University of Management and Technology Lahore, Sialkot Campus, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
Sheraz Aslam: Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus
Herodotos Herodotou: Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, 3036 Limassol, Cyprus

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-43

Abstract: Automatic generation control (AGC) is primarily responsible for ensuring the smooth and efficient operation of an electric power system. The main goal of AGC is to keep the operating frequency under prescribed limits and maintain the interchange power at the intended level. Therefore, an AGC system must be supplemented with modern and intelligent control techniques to provide adequate power supply. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various AGC models in diverse configurations of the power system. Initially, the history of power system AGC models is explored and the basic operation of AGC in a multi-area interconnected power system is presented. An in-depth analysis of various control methods used to mitigate the AGC issues is provided. Application of fast-acting energy storage devices, high voltage direct current (HVDC) interconnections, and flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in the AGC systems are investigated. Furthermore, AGC systems employed in different renewable energy generation systems are overviewed and are summarized in tabulated form. AGC techniques in different configurations of microgrid and smart grid are also presented in detail. A thorough overview of various AGC issues in a deregulated power system is provided by considering the different contract scenarios. Moreover, AGC systems with an additional objective of economic dispatch is investigated and an overview of worldwide AGC practices is provided. Finally, the paper concludes with an emphasis on the prospective study in the field of AGC.

Keywords: automatic generation control; single/multi-area power system; intelligent control methods; microgrid; smart grid; renewable energy sources; virtual inertial control; demand response; soft computing control methods (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (12)

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