Impact of Municipal, Road Traffic, and Natural Sources on PM 10: The Hourly Variability at a Rural Site in Poland

Tomasz Mach, Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska, Karolina Bralewska, Grzegorz Majewski, Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec and Justyna Rybak
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Tomasz Mach: Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
Wioletta Rogula-Kozłowska: Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54, Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Karolina Bralewska: Institute of Safety Engineering, The Main School of Fire Service, 52/54, Słowackiego St., 01-629 Warsaw, Poland
Grzegorz Majewski: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warszawa, Poland
Patrycja Rogula-Kopiec: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 M. Skłodowska-Curie St., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
Justyna Rybak: Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-23

Abstract: The paper presents data from a monthly campaign studying the elemental composition of PM 10 , as measured by a specific receptor in Kotórz Mały (Opole Voivodeship)—located in the vicinity of a moderately inhabited rural area—measured in one-hour samples using a Horiba PX-375 analyzer. The hourly variability of SO 2 , NO, NO 2 , CO, and O 3 concentrations, as well as the variability of meteorological parameters, was also determined. On average, during the entire measurement period, the elements related to PM 10 can be arranged in the following order: As < V < Ni < Pb < Cr < Mn < Cu < Ti < Zn < K < Fe < Ca < Al < Si < S. Trace elements, including toxic elements—such as As, V, Ni, Pb, Cr, and Mn—were present in low concentrations, not exceeding 10 ng/m 3 (average daily value). These elements had fairly even concentrations, both daily and hourly. The concentrations of the main elements in the PM 10 , as measured by the receptor, are subject to strong hourly changes related not only to changes in the structures of the sources identified in the statistical analysis, but also to wind speed and direction changes (soil and sand particle pick-up and inflow of pollutants from coal combustion). It has been shown that the transport emissions measured by the receptor can have an intense effect on PM 10 in the afternoon.

Keywords: atmospheric aerosol; municipal and traffic emissions; natural sources; enrichment factor; coal and gasoline combustion; 24-h concentrations; diurnal variability; PX-375; XRF analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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