Investigative Study of Vertical Electrodes Encased in Concrete/Mortar with Various Sizes of Air Voids

Hanis Hamizah Hizamul-Din, Normiza Mohamad Nor, Dzulkafley Abd Samad and Muhd Norhasri Muhd Sidek
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Hanis Hamizah Hizamul-Din: Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Jalan Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia
Normiza Mohamad Nor: Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Jalan Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Malaysia
Dzulkafley Abd Samad: AKS Perunding Sdn. Bhd, 90B, Jalan Burhanuddin Helmi, Taman Tun Dr Ismail, Kuala Lumpur 60000, Malaysia
Muhd Norhasri Muhd Sidek: Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor 40450, Malaysia

Energies, 2021, vol. 14, issue 9, 1-11

Abstract: Ionisation can occur in the soil when high impulse currents are subjected to grounding systems. This occurrence is generated by a difference in the dielectric strength value between the soil and air voids. Several published works investigating the ionisation process in soil have seen that the degree of ionisation is dependent on several factors, among them soil resistivity, ground electrode size and impulse polarity. The effects on soil resistivity, such as the moisture content in soil, soil grain size, type of soil and its temperature, have been studied; however, the effect of the size of air voids in soil has not been extensively presented. This study considered four rod electrodes—a conventional rod electrode, conventional electrode with porous concrete (PC), conventional electrode with concrete mixed with a foaming agent (FC) and conventional electrode with concrete (NC)—to provide variations in the size of air voids. Resistance values, R DC , were measured for all these electrodes, and we found that the conventional rod electrode had the lowest value. A detailed evaluation of these rod electrodes under high impulse conditions revealed that similar current rise and discharge times were seen in all electrodes; however, PC, with the largest size of air voids, had the lowest impulse impedance (Z imp value) for the current magnitudes below 2 kA.

Keywords: vertical rod electrodes; air voids in soil; grounding systems; high impulse conditions; soil ionisation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2021
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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