Load Frequency Control (LFC) Strategies in Renewable Energy-Based Hybrid Power Systems: A Review

Muhammad Majid Gulzar, Muhammad Iqbal, Sulman Shahzad, Hafiz Abdul Muqeet, Muhammad Shahzad and Muhammad Majid Hussain
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Muhammad Majid Gulzar: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 06375, Pakistan
Muhammad Iqbal: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 06375, Pakistan
Sulman Shahzad: Department of Electrical Engineering, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
Hafiz Abdul Muqeet: Department of Electrical Engineering Technology, Punjab Tianjin University of Technology, Lahore 54770, Pakistan
Muhammad Shahzad: Department of Electrical Engineering and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology, Multan 60650, Pakistan
Muhammad Majid Hussain: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 1DL, UK

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-23

Abstract: The hybrid power system is a combination of renewable energy power plants and conventional energy power plants. This integration causes power quality issues including poor settling times and higher transient contents. The main issue of such interconnection is the frequency variations caused in the hybrid power system. Load Frequency Controller (LFC) design ensures the reliable and efficient operation of the power system. The main function of LFC is to maintain the system frequency within safe limits, hence keeping power at a specific range. An LFC should be supported with modern and intelligent control structures for providing the adequate power to the system. This paper presents a comprehensive review of several LFC structures in a diverse configuration of a power system. First of all, an overview of a renewable energy-based power system is provided with a need for the development of LFC. The basic operation was studied in single-area, multi-area and multi-stage power system configurations. Types of controllers developed on different techniques studied with an overview of different control techniques were utilized. The comparative analysis of various controllers and strategies was performed graphically. The future scope of work provided lists the potential areas for conducting further research. Finally, the paper concludes by emphasizing the need for better LFC design in complex power system environments.

Keywords: load frequency control; renewable energy systems; single-area power system; multi-area power system; optimization algorithms; multistage controllers; artificial neural networks; sliding mode controller (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (13)

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