Tests of Acid Batteries for Hybrid Energy Storage and Buffering System—A Technical Approach

Stanisław Maleczek, Marcin Szczepaniak, Norbert Radek, Stanisław Kowalkowski and Krzysztof A. Bogdanowicz
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Stanisław Maleczek: Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland
Marcin Szczepaniak: Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland
Norbert Radek: Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, al. Tysiaclecia P.P.7., 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Stanisław Kowalkowski: Faculty of Military, War Studies University, 103 Gen. Antoni Chruściel “Monter” Str., 00-910 Warsaw, Poland
Krzysztof A. Bogdanowicz: Military Institute of Engineer Technology, Obornicka 136 Str., 50-961 Wroclaw, Poland

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-10

Abstract: Many armies around the world showed an increasing interest for the technology of renewable energy sources for military applications. However, to profit fully from solar or wind energy, an energy storage system is needed. In this article, we present an energy storage system based on acid-lead batteries as a component of a modular generation-storage as a model of military “smart camp”. We proposed a technical approach to study four different types of batteries: DEEP CYCLE, AGM, WET and VRLA in laboratory and real conditions typical for military equipment. It was observed that the best performance was observed for AGM battery in terms of the highest cold cracking amperage equal to 1205 A combined with the most compact construction and resistance to varying thermal conditions from −25 °C, 25 °C and 50 °C. Additionally, a 12-month long-term testing in real conditions revealed that AGM and VRLA showed decrease in capacity value maintaining only approx. 80% of initial value.

Keywords: battery; energy storage system; photovoltaics; hybrid power source (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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