Marine Exhaust Gas Treatment Systems for Compliance with the IMO 2020 Global Sulfur Cap and Tier III NO x Limits: A Review

Theodoros C. Zannis, John S. Katsanis, Georgios P. Christopoulos, Elias A. Yfantis, Roussos G. Papagiannakis, Efthimios G. Pariotis, Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos, Constantine D. Rakopoulos and Athanasios G. Vallis
Additional contact information
Theodoros C. Zannis: Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Section, Hellenic Naval Academy, 18539 Piraeus, Greece
John S. Katsanis: Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Section, Hellenic Naval Academy, 18539 Piraeus, Greece
Georgios P. Christopoulos: Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Navy Fleet, Salamis Naval Base, 18901 Salamis, Greece
Elias A. Yfantis: Marine and Offshore Science, Technology and Engineering Centre (MOSTEC), Cyprus Marine and Maritime Institute (CMMI), P.O. Box 40930, Larnaca 6023, Cyprus
Roussos G. Papagiannakis: Thermodynamics and Propulsion Systems Section, Hellenic Air Force Academy, 13671 Dekelia, Greece
Efthimios G. Pariotis: Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering Section, Hellenic Naval Academy, 18539 Piraeus, Greece
Dimitrios C. Rakopoulos: Centre for Research & Technology Hellas (CERTH), Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, 50200 Ptolemais, Greece
Constantine D. Rakopoulos: Department of Thermal Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou Campus, 9 Heroon Polytechniou Street, 15780 Athens, Greece
Athanasios G. Vallis: Hellenic Navy, Hellenic Navy Fleet, Salamis Naval Base, 18901 Salamis, Greece

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-49

Abstract: In the present work, the contemporary exhaust gas treatment systems (EGTS) used for SO x , PM, and NO x emission mitigation from shipping are reviewed. Specifically, after-treatment technologies such as wet scrubbers with seawater and freshwater solution with NaOH, hybrid wet scrubbers, wet scrubbers integrated in exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) installations, dry scrubbers, inert gas wet scrubbers and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are analyzed. The operational principles and the construction specifications, the performance characteristics and the investment and operation of the reviewed shipping EGTS are thoroughly elaborated. The SCR technology is comparatively evaluated with alternative techniques such as LNG, internal engine modifications (IEM), direct water injection (DWI) and humid air motor (HAM) to assess the individual NO x emission reduction potential of each technology. Detailed real data for the time several cargo vessels spent in shipyards for seawater scrubber installation, and actual data for the purchase cost and the installation cost of seawater scrubbers in shipyards are demonstrated. From the examination of the constructional, operational, environmental and economic parameters of the examined EGTS, it can be concluded that the most effective SO x emission abatement system is the closed-loop wet scrubbers with NaOH solution which can practically eliminate ship SO x emissions, whereas the most effective NO x emission mitigation system is the SCR which cannot only offer compliance of a vessel with the IMO Tier III limits but can also practically eliminate ship NO x emissions.

Keywords: exhaust gas treatment systems; IMO 2020 global sulfur cap: IMO NO x Tier II/III limits; scrubbers; selective catalytic reduction (SCR) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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