A Critical Review of Alkaline Flooding: Mechanism, Hybrid Flooding Methods, Laboratory Work, Pilot Projects, and Field Applications

Abdelaziz L. Khlaifat, Duaa Dakhlallah and Faraz Sufyan
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Abdelaziz L. Khlaifat: Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
Duaa Dakhlallah: Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
Faraz Sufyan: Department of Petroleum Technology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 10, 1-14

Abstract: Over time, the dependence on oil has increased to meet industrial and domestic needs. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in this regard have captured immense growth as EOR is not only used to increase the oil recovery but also to augment the sweep efficiency. Several techniques over the past decades have been used to improve oil recovery with cost-effectiveness. Cost-effective alkaline flooding has been effective for those oil reservoirs with a high total acid number. In this review, the significance of alkaline flooding has been discussed in detail, as well as the features of alkaline flooding in comparison to other modes of flooding. This review entails (1) alkaline flooding, (2) hybrid modes of injection, (3) experimental work, (4) pilot projects, (5) screening criteria, and (6) field applications. The findings of this study can help increase the understanding of alkaline flooding and provide a holistic view of the hybrid modes of flooding.

Keywords: enhanced oil recovery; alkaline flooding; interfacial tension; surfactant; polymer; low salinity brine; nanoparticles (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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