Optimization of Multidimensional Energy Security: An Index Based Assessment

Fahad Bin Abdullah, Rizwan Iqbal, Sadique Ahmad, Mohammed A. El-Affendi and Pardeep Kumar
Additional contact information
Fahad Bin Abdullah: Department of Environment & Energy Management, Institute of Business Management, Karachi 75190, Pakistan
Rizwan Iqbal: Department of Computer Engineering, Bahria University, Karachi Campus, Karachi 75260, Pakistan
Sadique Ahmad: EIAS: Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Mohammed A. El-Affendi: EIAS: Data Science and Blockchain Laboratory, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
Pardeep Kumar: Department of Software Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah 67450, Pakistan

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 11, 1-25

Abstract: This study introduces Pakistan’s multidimensional energy security index (PMESI) and indices across dimensions from 1991 to 2020 through indicator optimization. Based on criteria, expert participation, and reliability testing, 27 indicators were identified and weighted based on dimension reduction utilizing the Varimax Rotation technique. As a result of robust evaluation framework, there has been a considerable change in Pakistan’s energy security when compared to other studies such as the energy security indicator of Pakistan (ESIP) and the energy security index of Pakistan (ESIOP). According to the findings, energy security decreased by 25% between 1991 and 2012, followed by a modest increase through 2020. During the study period, the “Affordability” dimension improved; however, the other four dimensions, namely “Availability,” “Technology,” “Governance,” and “Environment,” regressed. Few goals under the petroleum policy (1991), petroleum policy (2012), and power policy (2013) were partially met, while conservation programs, such as the renewable policy (2006) and national climate change policy (2012), fell short. Indicators such as price, reserves, governance, corruption, and consumption contributed to PMESI across five dimensions. Thus, PMESI and indices guiding policymakers to focus on improving governance and exploiting local energy resources in order to provide affordable and sufficient energy in the long run.

Keywords: energy security; Cronbach’s alpha; principal component; varimax (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/11/3929/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/11/3929/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:11:p:3929-:d:824596

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().