Power System Oscillations with Different Prevalence of Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Converters

Rossano Musca, Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt and Cesar A. Gallego Sánchez
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Rossano Musca: Engineering Department, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt: Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway, 3918 Porsgrunn, Norway
Cesar A. Gallego Sánchez: Consulting Engineering Gallego, Bogotá 110111, Colombia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 12, 1-19

Abstract: The oscillatory behaviour of the power system is an aspect that is significantly affected by the increasing integration of converter-based generation sources. Several works address the impact of non-synchronous generation on the operation of the system from different points of view, but only a few studies focus on power-frequency oscillations with a prevalence of generation sources interfaced through power electronics. A lack of research can be found in particular in the comparative analysis of the two main control strategies for power converters, namely grid-following and grid-forming. The article aims to contribute to this direction, starting from a theoretical analysis of the two control structures and then examining the case study of an existing transmission system. The research provides a specific insight into the fundamental aspects related to synchronisation mechanism and inertial capabilities of both grid-following with synthetic inertia and grid-forming controls. The difference in the relationship between synchronisation unit and inertial capability is recognised as the fundamental aspect determining the different impacts on the oscillatory characteristics of the system. The observation derived in the theoretical analysis is then applied to an actual power system with a high predominance of converter-based generation, considering the Colombian interconnected national system as a case study.

Keywords: damping; electromechanical oscillations; grid-following; grid-forming; inertia; phase-locked loop; power converters; virtual synchronous machine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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