Impact of Solar Inverter Dynamics during Grid Restoration Period on Protection Schemes Based on Negative-Sequence Components

Almir Ekic, Di Wu and John N. Jiang
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Almir Ekic: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
Di Wu: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
John N. Jiang: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 12, 1-18

Abstract: The growing penetration of renewable resources such as wind and solar into the electric power grid through power electronic inverters is challenging grid protection. Due to the advanced inverter control algorithms, the inverter-based resources present fault responses different from conventional generators, which can fundamentally affect the way that the power grid is protected. This paper studied solar inverter dynamics focused on negative-sequence quantities during the restoration period following a grid disturbance by using a real-time digital simulator. It was found that solar inverters can act as negative-sequence sources to inject negative-sequence currents into the grid during the restoration period. The negative-sequence current can be affected by different operating conditions such as the number of inverters in service, grid strength, and grid fault types. Such negative-sequence responses can adversely impact the performance of protection schemes based on negative-sequence components and potentially cause relay maloperations during the grid restoration period, thus making system protection less secure and reliable.

Keywords: inverter-based resources; solar PV; relay protection; negative-sequence (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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