Differential Capacity as a Tool for SOC and SOH Estimation of Lithium Ion Batteries Using Charge/Discharge Curves, Cyclic Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy, and Heat Events: A Tutorial

Peter Kurzweil, Wolfgang Scheuerpflug, Bernhard Frenzel, Christian Schell and Josef Schottenbauer
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Peter Kurzweil: Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany
Wolfgang Scheuerpflug: Diehl Aerospace GmbH, Donaustraße 120, 90451 Nürnberg, Germany
Bernhard Frenzel: Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany
Christian Schell: Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany
Josef Schottenbauer: Electrochemistry Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences (OTH), Kaiser-Wilhelm-Ring 23, 92224 Amberg, Germany

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-21

Abstract: State-of-charge (SOC) and state-of-health (SOH) of different cell chemistries were investigated using long-time cycle tests. This practical guide illustrates how differential capacity d Q /d U (capacitance) obtained from discharge curves, impedance spectra, and cyclic voltammograms can be used for the instant diagnosis of lithium-ion batteries without fully charging and discharging the cell. The increase of d U /d Q is an early indicator of upcoming heat events and deep discharge. The criterion d Q /d U = d U /d Q = 1 could serve as an indicator for “full charge”. The frequency response of capacitance correlates with the available charge of the battery and reflects overcharge events and deep discharges long before the battery fails. It is not necessary to measure down to extremely low frequencies because the charge transfer pseudocapacitance of around 10 Hz reflects well the SOC. Computer-aided calculation methods for the evaluation of measurements in industrial environments and for the training of students are presented.

Keywords: capacitance; state-of-charge determination; state-of-health; aging; lithium-ion battery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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