Stone Fruit Seed: A Source of Renewable Fuel for Transport

M. Anwar, M. G. Rasul, N. M. S. Hassan, M. I. Jahirul, Rezwanul Haque, M. M. Hasan, A. G. M. B. Mustayen, R. Karami and D. Schaller
Additional contact information
M. Anwar: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
M. G. Rasul: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
N. M. S. Hassan: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Cairns, QLD 4870, Australia
M. I. Jahirul: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
Rezwanul Haque: School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
M. M. Hasan: School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia
A. G. M. B. Mustayen: School of Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
R. Karami: Oil and Gas Research Center (OGRC), Persian Gulf University, Bushehr 7516913817, Iran
D. Schaller: Southern Oil Refineries, Gladstone, QLD 4694, Australia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-21

Abstract: This study investigated the suitability of stone fruit seed as a source of biodiesel for transport. Stone fruit oil (SFO) was extracted from the seed and converted into biodiesel. The biodiesel yield of 95.75% was produced using the alkaline catalysed transesterification process with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 6:1, KOH catalyst concentration of 0.5 wt% (weight %), and a reaction temperature of 55 °C for 60 min. The physicochemical properties of the produced biodiesel were determined and found to be the closest match of standard diesel. The engine performance, emissions and combustion behaviour of a four-cylinder diesel engine fuelled with SFO biodiesel blends of 5%, 10% and 20% with diesel, v / v basis, were tested. The testing was performed at 100% engine load with speed ranging from 200 to 2400 rpm. The average brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of SFO blends were found to be 4.7% to 15.4% higher and 3.9% to 11.4% lower than those of diesel, respectively. The results also revealed that SFO biodiesel blends have marginally lower in-cylinder pressure and a higher heat release rate compared to diesel. The mass fraction burned results of SFO biodiesel blends were found to be slightly faster than those of diesel. The SFO biodiesel 5% blend produced about 1.9% higher NO x emissions and 17.4% lower unburnt HC with 23.4% lower particulate matter (PM) compared to diesel fuel. To summarise, SFO biodiesel blends are recommended as a suitable transport fuel for addressing engine emissions problems and improving combustion performance with a marginal sacrifice of engine efficiency.

Keywords: stone fruit; apricot; binary; combustion; emissions; diesel engine; biodiesel; transesterification; and particulate matter emission (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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