Fast Pyrolysis Oil Upgrading via HDO with Fe-Promoted Nb 2 O 5 -Supported Pd-Based Catalysts

Mariana Myriam Campos Fraga, Bruno Lacerda de Oliveira Campos, Handoyo Hendrawidjaja, Caroline Carriel Schmitt, Klaus Raffelt and Nicolaus Dahmen
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Mariana Myriam Campos Fraga: Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Bruno Lacerda de Oliveira Campos: Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Handoyo Hendrawidjaja: Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Caroline Carriel Schmitt: Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Klaus Raffelt: Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
Nicolaus Dahmen: Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 13, 1-28

Abstract: Due to the high acid, oxygen and water contents of fast pyrolysis oil, it requires the improvement of its fuel properties by further upgrading, such as catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO). In this study, Nb 2 O 5 was evaluated as a support of Pd-based catalysts for HDO of fast pyrolysis oil. A Pd/SiO 2 catalyst was used as a reference. Additionally, the impact of iron as a promoter in two different loadings was investigated. The activity of the synthesized catalysts was evaluated in terms of H 2 uptake and composition of the upgraded products (gas phase, upgraded oil and aqueous phase) through elemental analysis, Karl Fischer titration, GC-MS/FID and 1 H-NMR. In comparison to SiO 2 , due to its acid sites, Nb 2 O 5 enhanced the catalyst activity towards hydrogenolysis and hydrogenation, confirmed by the increased water formation during HDO and a higher content of hydrogen and aliphatic protons in the upgraded oil. Consequently, the upgraded oil with Nb 2 O 5 had a lower average molecular weight and was therefore less viscous than the oil obtained with SiO 2 . When applied as a promoter, Fe enhanced hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis, although it slightly decreased the acidity of the support, owing to its oxophilic nature, leading to the highest deoxygenation degree (42.5 wt.%) and the highest product HHV (28.2 MJ/kg).

Keywords: fast pyrolysis oil; hydrodeoxygenation; bio-refinery; niobia-supported catalysts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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