Innovative Optimal Nonstandard Tripping Protection Scheme for Radial and Meshed Microgrid Systems

Salima Abeid, Yanting Hu, Feras Alasali and Naser El-Naily
Additional contact information
Salima Abeid: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, The University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, UK
Yanting Hu: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, The University of Chester, Chester CH2 4NU, UK
Feras Alasali: Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The Hashemite University, P.O. Box 330127, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
Naser El-Naily: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Electrical and Electronics Technology-Benghazi, Benghazi 23P7F49, Libya

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-29

Abstract: The coordination of optimal overcurrent relays (OCRs) for modern power networks is nowadays one of the critical concerns due to the increase in the use of renewable energy sources. Modern grids connected to inverter-based distributed generations (IDGs) and synchronous distributed generations (SDGs) have a direct impact on fault currents and locations and then on the protection system. In this paper, a new optimal OCR coordination scheme has been developed based on the nonstandard time–current characteristics (NSTCC) approach. The proposed scheme can effectively minimize the impact of distributed generations (DGs) on OCR coordination by using two optimization techniques: genetic algorithm (GA) and hybrid gravitational search algorithm–sequential quadratic programming (GSA–SQP) algorithm. In addition, the proposed optimal OCR coordination scheme has successfully employed a new constraint reduction method for eliminating the considerable number of constraints in the coordination and tripping time formula by using only one variable dynamic coefficient. The proposed protection scheme has been applied in IEEE 9-bus and IEC MG systems as benchmark radial networks as well as IEEE 30-bus systems as meshed structures. The results of the proposed optimal OCR coordination scheme have been compared to standard and nonstandard characteristics reported in the literature. The results showed a significant improvement in terms of the protection system sensitivity and reliability by minimizing the operating time (OT) of OCRs and demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method throughout minimum and maximum fault modes.

Keywords: overcurrent relays; optimum coordination; microgrid; distributed generation; nonstandard time–current characteristics; tripping time (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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