Safety Assessment for External Short Circuit of Li-Ion Battery in ESS Application Based on Operation and Environment Factors

Jae-Beom Jung, Min-Gyu Lim, Jin-Yong Kim, Byeong-Gill Han, ByungKi Kim and Dae-Seok Rho
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Jae-Beom Jung: Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology & Education (KUT), Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
Min-Gyu Lim: Korea Testing Laboratory, 112 Jiksanro, Seobukgu, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
Jin-Yong Kim: Korea Testing Laboratory, 112 Jiksanro, Seobukgu, Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
Byeong-Gill Han: Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology & Education (KUT), Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
ByungKi Kim: Korea Institute of Energy Research, 200, Haemajihaean-ro, Gujwa-eup, Jeju-si 63357, Jeju-do, Korea
Dae-Seok Rho: Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea University of Technology & Education (KUT), Cheonan-si 31253, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-15

Abstract: In recent years, the demand for medium and large secondary batteries in EV (electric vehicle) and ESS (energy storage systems) applications has been rapidly increasing worldwide, and accordingly, the market size is increasing exponentially. However, the recent fire accidents related to secondary batteries for EVs and ESS are having a negative impact on the battery market. Therefore, this paper implements an accident simulation device to perform an external short-circuit test, one of the typical safety tests for NMC-series prismatic and pouch-type batteries that are widely used among battery cells used in medium and large secondary batteries. The implemented accident simulation device for the external short-circuit test is composed of short-circuit resistance, measuring device, control device, etc., and is configured to analyze external short-circuit characteristics according to various test conditions. Based on this, an external short-circuit test according to the type, short-circuit resistance and SOC (states of charge) of the lithium-ion battery was performed to confirm the current and temperature characteristics according to each condition. As a result of performing an external short-circuit test for each protection device in the battery module and preprocessing temperature, it is certain that the module fuse operates over 120 times faster than the cell fuse based on the same SOC conditions, and the quantity of electric charge in the module fuse is over 110 times smaller than of the cell fuse in the case of a short-circuit fault. It is also found that the highest and lowest preprocessing temperatures are considered to be severe conditions. Based on the proposed mechanism of an external short circuit in a Li-ion battery and the test device for the external short circuit, it is confirmed that this paper can contribute to the safety assessment of Li-ion battery-based ESS.

Keywords: energy storage system; external short circuit; Li-ion battery; protection device; safety assessment; operation and environment factor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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