Frequency Stabilization of AC Microgrid Clusters: An Efficient Fractional Order Supercapacitor Controller Approach

Md. Shafiul Alam, Abdullah A. Almehizia, Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail, Md. Alamgir Hossain, Muhammad Azharul Islam, Md. Shafiullah and Aasim Ullah
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Md. Shafiul Alam: Applied Research Center for Environment & Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Abdullah A. Almehizia: National Center for Electrical Energy Technology and Cooling, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 12354, Saudi Arabia
Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail: Applied Research Center for Environment & Marine Studies, Research Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Md. Alamgir Hossain: Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan 4111, Australia
Muhammad Azharul Islam: Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira 4318, Bangladesh
Md. Shafiullah: Interdisciplinary Research Center for Renewable Energy and Power Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
Aasim Ullah: Electrical & Electronic Engineering (EEE), International Islamic University Chittagong (IIUC), Kumira 4318, Bangladesh

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 14, 1-22

Abstract: An autonomous microgrid is often formed by incorporating distributed generators into the distribution system. However, distributed generators have less inertia compared to traditional synchronous generators, and can cause the system frequency to become unstable. Additionally, as more clusters are integrated into the distribution microgrid, frequency instability increases. To resolve frequency instability in the microgrid cluster, this study proposes a supercapacitor control approach. The microgrid consists of several clusters which integrate wind power generators, solar PV, STP, fuel cells, aqua electrolyzers, and diesel generators. Initially, a small signal model is developed to facilitate the control design. A fractional-order supercapacitor controller is augmented with the developed small-signal model to stabilize the frequency of the microgrid. Furthermore, the controller parameters are optimized to guarantee robust controller performance. The proposed fractional-order supercapacitor controller provides more degrees of freedom compared to the conventional controller. Time-domain simulations were carried out considering several real-time scenarios to test the performance of the proposed controller. We observed that the presented approach is capable of stabilizing the system frequency in all cases. Furthermore, the proposed approach outperforms existing approaches in stabilizing the frequency of the microgrid cluster.

Keywords: microgrid clusters; distributed generators; renewable energy resources; frequency control; solar and wind energy; fractional order; supercapacitor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (5)

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