Grid Forming Inverters: A Review of the State of the Art of Key Elements for Microgrid Operation

Sara Anttila, Jéssica S. Döhler, Janaína G. Oliveira and Cecilia Boström
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Sara Anttila: Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, B.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
Jéssica S. Döhler: Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, B.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
Janaína G. Oliveira: Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, B.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden
Cecilia Boström: Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, B.O. Box 534, 751 21 Uppsala, Sweden

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-30

Abstract: In the past decade, inverter-integrated energy sources have experienced rapid growth, which leads to operating challenges associated with reduced system inertia and intermittent power generation, which can cause instability and performance issues of the power system. Improved control schemes for inverters are necessary to ensure the stability and resilience of the power system. Grid-forming inverters dampen frequency fluctuations in the power system, while grid-following inverters can aggravate frequency problems with increased penetration. This paper aims at reviewing the role of grid-forming inverters in the power system, including their topology, control strategies, challenges, sizing, and location. In order to facilitate continued research in this field, a comprehensive literature review and classification of the studies are conducted, followed by research gaps and suggestions for future studies.

Keywords: microgrid; island mode; grid-forming inverter; control inverter; energy storage systems (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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