 A Decision-Making Model for Optimized Energy Plans for Buildings Considering Peak Demand Charge—A South Korea Case StudyJinho Shin,
Jihwa Jung,
Jaehaeng Heo and
Junwoo Noh
Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-22 Abstract: The energy industry has been trying to reduce the use of fossil fuels that emit carbon and to proliferate renewable energy as a way to respond to climate change. The attempts to reduce carbon emissions resulting from the process of generating the electric and thermal energy needed by a building were bolstered with the introduction of the concept of nZEB (nearly zero-energy building). In line with such initiatives, the South Korean government made it mandatory for new buildings to have an nZEB certificate as a way to promote the supply of renewable energy. The criteria for Energy Independence Rate, which is one of the nZEB certification criteria in South Korea, is to maintain the share of renewable energy as at least 20% of the primary energy sources for the building. For a new building in South Korea to have an nZEB certificate, it is required to establish an energy plan that would allow the building to meet the Energy Independence requirement. This optimally reflects the cost of installation for renewable energy facilities and the cost of purchasing energy from external sources, such as the national grid or district heating companies. In South Korea, the base retail rate of energy is calculated based on the peak demand per hour over the year, rather than the contracted energy. This has produced difficulties in standardizing the process with a mathematical model; in addition, there have not been many preceding studies that could be used as a reference. In this regard, this paper analyzed a modeling strategy for developing a realistic yet optimized energy plan in consideration of the unique conditions of the retail energy rates of South Korea, and analyzed the impact of the rates based on peak demands upon the total energy plan. In this study, our research team analyzed the electric billing system, conducted a case study, and analyzed the impact of the billing system that is based on the peak demand upon the optimal cost. By utilizing the restrictions for reaching the 20% Energy Independence goal, this paper calculated the proper energy supply facility capacity for renewable energy. Then, the cases in which the maximum demand modeling was used and the cases without one were compared to confirm the cost benefits observable when the suggested model is added or implemented. Keywords: building energy plan; decision-making model; energy supply optimization; utility retail pricing; renewable energy resources; nearly zero-energy building; smart city (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:15:p:5628-:d:879127 Access Statistics for this article Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao More articles in Energies from MDPI |
Is your work missing from RePEc? Here is how to contribute.
Questions or problems? Check the EconPapers FAQ or send mail to .
EconPapers is hosted by the
School of Business at Örebro University.