Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems for Electrical Vehicles: A Review

Diana Lemian and Florin Bode
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Diana Lemian: Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, B-dul Muncii Nr. 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Florin Bode: Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanics, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, B-dul Muncii Nr. 103-105, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 15, 1-13

Abstract: The current worldwide energy directives are oriented toward reducing energy consumption and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The exponential increase in the production of electrified vehicles in the last decade are an important part of meeting global goals on the climate change. However, while no greenhouse gas emissions directly come from the operations of the electrical vehicles, the electrical vehicle production process results in much higher energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions than in the case of a classical internal combustion vehicle; thus, to reduce the environment impact of electrified vehicles, they should be used for as long as possible. Using only batteries for electric vehicles can lead to a shorter battery life for certain applications, such as in the case of those with many stops and starts but not only in these cases. To increase the lifespan of the batteries, couplings between the batteries and the supercapacitors for the new electrical vehicles in the form of the hybrid energy storage systems seems to be the most appropriate way. For this, there are four different types of converters, including rectifiers, inverters, AC-AC converters, and DC-DC converters. For a hybrid energy storage system to operate consistently, effectively, and safely, an appropriate realistic controller technique must be used; at the moment, a few techniques are being used on the market.

Keywords: vehicle batteries; supercapacitors; electrical vehicles; hybrid energy storage systems; electrified vehicle energy management (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (9)

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