Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide

Fredrik Hildor, Henrik Leion and Tobias Mattisson
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Fredrik Hildor: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, Sweden
Henrik Leion: Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, Sweden
Tobias Mattisson: Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, Sweden

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 16, 1-29

Abstract: Steel converter slag, also called Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, has been considered as an oxygen carrier for biofuel chemical looping applications due to its high availability. In addition to its content of iron which contributes to its oxygen-carrying capacity, LD slag also contains a significant amount of calcium. Calcium, however, is known to interact with sulfur, which may affect the usability of LD slag. To get a better understanding of the interaction between sulfur and LD slag, batch scale experiments have been performed using solid and gaseous fuel with or without sulfur dioxide, together with LD slag as an oxygen carrier. The reactivity and sulfur interaction were compared to the benchmark oxygen carrier ilmenite. Sulfur increases the gasification rate of biofuel char and the conversion of CO for both LD slag and ilmenite. However, no effect of sulfur could be seen on the conversion of the model tar species benzene. The increased gasification rate of char was suspected to originate from both surface-active sulfur and gaseous sulfur, increasing the reactivity and oxygen transfer of the oxygen carrier. Sulfur was partly absorbed into the LD slag particles with calcium, forming CaS and/or CaSO 4 . This, in turn, blocks the catalytic effect of CaO towards the water gas shift reaction. When the SO 2 vapor pressure was decreased, the absorbed sulfur was released as SO 2 . This indicates that sulfur may be released in loop-seals or in the air reactor in a continuous process.

Keywords: LD slag; oxygen carrier; steel converter slag; chemical looping; sulfur chemistry; biomass (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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