Performance Analysis and Optimization of a Cooling System for Hybrid Solar Panels Based on Climatic Conditions of Islamabad, Pakistan

Mariyam Sattar, Abdul Rehman, Naseem Ahmad (), AlSharef Mohammad, Ahmad Aziz Al Ahmadi and Nasim Ullah ()
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Mariyam Sattar: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Abdul Rehman: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Naseem Ahmad: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
AlSharef Mohammad: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Al-Hawiyah, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia
Ahmad Aziz Al Ahmadi: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Al-Hawiyah, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia
Nasim Ullah: Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, Al-Hawiyah, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 17, 1-22

Abstract: The unconvertible portion of incident radiation on solar panels causes an increase in their temperature and a decrease in efficiency due to the negative temperature coefficient of the maximum power. This problem is dealt with through the use of cooling systems to lower the temperature of photovoltaic (PV) panels. However, the developments are focused on the loss of efficiency or extract the heat out of the solar panel, rather than optimizing the solution to produce a net gain in the electric power output. Therefore, this study proposes the analytical model for the cell temperature, irradiance and design of absorbers. Furthermore, the cooling systems for the hybrid solar panels were developed through analytical modeling of the solar cell temperature behavior and heat exchange between the fluid and back surface of the PV module in MATLAB. The design parameters such as mass flow rate, input power, solar cell temperature, velocity, height, number of passes and maximum power output were optimized through a multi-objective, multivariable optimization algorithm to produce a net gain in the electrical power. Three layouts of heat absorbers were considered—i.e., single-pass ducts, multi-pass ducts, and tube-type heat absorbers. Water was selected as a cooling medium in the three layouts. The optimized results were achieved for the multi-pass duct with 31 passes that delivered a maximum power output of 186.713 W at a mass flow rate of 0.14 kg/s. The maximum cell temperature achieved for this configuration was 38.810 °C at a velocity of 0.092 m/s. The results from the analytical modeling were validated through two-way fluid-solid interaction simulations using ANSYS fluent and thermal modules. Analyses revealed that the multi-pass heat absorber reduces the cell temperature with the least input power and lowest fluid mass flow rate to produce the highest power output in the hybrid PV system.

Keywords: sustainable energy; negative temperature power coefficient; analytical and numerical modeling; efficiency; multi-pass duct cooling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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