Case Study of Single-Controllable Microgrid: A Practical Implementation

Geovane L. Reis (), Danilo I. Brandao (), João H. Oliveira, Lucas S. Araujo and Braz J. Cardoso Filho
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Geovane L. Reis: Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Danilo I. Brandao: Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
João H. Oliveira: Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Lucas S. Araujo: Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
Braz J. Cardoso Filho: Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 17, 1-22

Abstract: This paper presents the implementation of a single-controllable microgrid in the engineering school of the Federal University of Minas Gerais using commercial devices. Such a microgrid exchanges controllable active and reactive power terms with the upstream grid, proportionally shares active/reactive power among the battery-based DERs and endows the microgrid with the capability of operating in both grid-connected and islanded modes. The energy storage system is composed of three different battery technologies: lead-acid, lithium-ion and sodium–nickel, which are coordinately controlled according to their inherent features. A usable average energy control is proposed to avoid mismatches between the batteries’ states of charge. The single-controllable microgrid performs the following services: self-consumption, energy time shift, peak-shaving and reactive power support to the upstream grid. The coordinated secondary control and the operating modes of the microgrid were validated by means of full-scale experimental results using commercial devices. The lithium-ion battery showed the best performance in terms of round-trip efficiency, 93% over 85% (lead-acid) and 81% (sodium–nickel). The results demonstrated the microgrid’s capability of delivering ancillary services at the connection with the upstream grid, and proportionally exploiting the dispersed battery banks. In addition, the challenges of practical implementation were analyzed.

Keywords: battery; distributed generation; hosting capacity; microgrid; power dispatch (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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