Alternative Simplified Analytical Models for the Electric Field, in Shoreline Pond Electrode Preliminary Design, in the Case of HVDC Transmission Systems

George J. Tsekouras (), Vassiliki T. Kontargyri, John M. Prousalidis, Fotios D. Kanellos, Constantinos D. Tsirekis, Konstantinos Leontaritis, John C. Alexandris, Panagiota M. Deligianni, Panagiotis A. Kontaxis and Antonios X. Moronis
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George J. Tsekouras: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Str., Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece
Vassiliki T. Kontargyri: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Str., Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece
John M. Prousalidis: School of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou, 15780 Athens, Greece
Fotios D. Kanellos: School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, University Campus, Akrotiri, 73100 Chania, Greece
Constantinos D. Tsirekis: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Str., Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece
Konstantinos Leontaritis: Hellenic Independent Power Transmission Operator, Dyrrachiou 89 & Kifissou, Sepolia, 10443 Athens, Greece
John C. Alexandris: Hellenic Independent Power Transmission Operator, Dyrrachiou 89 & Kifissou, Sepolia, 10443 Athens, Greece
Panagiota M. Deligianni: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Str., Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece
Panagiotis A. Kontaxis: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Str., Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece
Antonios X. Moronis: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon Str., Egaleo, 12241 Athens, Greece

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 17, 1-60

Abstract: In Greece, a new bi-polar high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission system with a ground return was designed with nominal characteristics of ±500 kV, 1 GW, between Attica in the continental country and the island of Crete, which is an autonomous power system based on thermal diesel units. The interconnection line has a total length of about 380 km. The undersea section is 330 km long. In this paper, the use of the Aegean Sea as an active part of the ground return, based on shoreline pond electrodes, was proposed to avoid EUR 200 Μ of expenses. According to the general guidelines for HVDC electrode design by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE) working group B4.61/2017, the electric field and ground potential rise of shoreline electrodes should be studied to analyze safety, electrical interference and corrosion impacts related to the operation of the electrodes. Two kinds of studies are available; one is a simplified approach based on a spherical/pointed electrode centered at the edge of the seashore and seabed, assuming it to be sloping to the horizontal, and the other is a detailed simulated model using a suitable electric field software package. The first approach usually gives more unfavorable results than the second one, especially in the near electric field, while it can not take into account obstacles, i.e., dams, near to electrode position. The second approach demands a detailed description of the wider installation area, which cannot be available during the preliminary study, significant computational time and considerable financial resources for the purchase of a reliable specialized software package. In this research, a two-step modification of the CIGRE simplified model was proposed. The first modification deals with the obstacles in the near electric field, and the second modification deals with the use of a linear current source (instead of a point one), which can give more accurate results. Additionally, the electric field for complex electrode formation is calculated by applying the superposition method, which can be easily achieved using a common software package, i.e., MATLAB. The proposed simplified approaches were applied on shoreline pond electrode locations for the Attica–Crete HVDC interconnection line (between Stachtoroi island in Attica and Korakia beach in Crete), allowing the preliminary study to be conducted swiftly, giving satisfactory results about electric field gradient, ground potential rise and resistance to remote earth of electrodes stations for the near and far electric field.

Keywords: analytical models; electric field; HVDC transmission system; shoreline pond electrode (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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