A Novel Mesoporous Activated Carbon Derived from Calliandra calothyrsus via Physical Activation: Saturation and Superheated

Nur Adi Saputra, Saptadi Darmawan, Lisna Efiyanti, Djeni Hendra, Santiyo Wibowo, Adi Santoso, Djarwanto, Gusmailina, Sri Komarayati, Dian Anggraini Indrawan, Yuniawati, Deded Sarip Nawawi, Akhiruddin Maddu, Gustan Pari and Wasrin Syafii ()
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Nur Adi Saputra: Department of Forest Product, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Saptadi Darmawan: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Lisna Efiyanti: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Djeni Hendra: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Santiyo Wibowo: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Adi Santoso: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Djarwanto: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Gusmailina: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Sri Komarayati: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Dian Anggraini Indrawan: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Yuniawati: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Deded Sarip Nawawi: Department of Forest Product, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Akhiruddin Maddu: Department of Physics, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
Gustan Pari: National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. Raya Bogor KM 46, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
Wasrin Syafii: Department of Forest Product, IPB University, Kampus Dramaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 18, 1-16

Abstract: In this work, both pyrochar and activated carbon were prepared by physical activation (i.e., saturation and superheated) by involving a thermal agent as a comparison. The effects of three agents on the pore development of activated carbon from a new material, Calliandra calothyrsus, were observed in detail. The BET surface area and the iodine index of the prepared activated carbon were used as pyrochar selection. Proximate, ultimate, XRD, FTIR, TGA, and SEM were used to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the product. Pyrochar pores were found to develop significantly at 350 °C, indicated by an increase in the BET surface area and iodine index. Pyrochar from a temperature of 350 °C was then selected as a precursor of activated carbon. S–SS and SS–S activated carbon samples were declared to have the highest iodine index (870 mg/g) and the highest BET surface area (642 m 2 /g), respectively. The pore distribution data showed that the superheated agent widened the pore and provided an active site for iodine adsorption, while the saturation agent resulted in a narrower pore for an increase in the BET surface area. S–SS has a lower C fraction and higher O fraction than SS–S. The SS–S samples have both Vol and Vol mic for an increased BET surface area. The number of aromatic layers and –OH functional groups of the S–SS sample is more convenient for iodine enhancement than for increasing the BET surface area. Less water droplets and greater energy from superheated resulting pores widen, increasing the aromatic layer and providing additional functional groups.

Keywords: activated carbon; physical activation; steam; superheated; red calliandra (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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