Open-Circuit Voltage Models for Battery Management Systems: A Review

Prarthana Pillai, Sneha Sundaresan, Pradeep Kumar, Krishna R. Pattipati and Balakumar Balasingam ()
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Prarthana Pillai: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Sneha Sundaresan: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Pradeep Kumar: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
Krishna R. Pattipati: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
Balakumar Balasingam: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 18, 1-25

Abstract: A battery management system (BMS) plays a crucial role to ensure the safety, efficiency, and reliability of a rechargeable Li-ion battery pack. State of charge (SOC) estimation is an important operation within a BMS. Estimated SOC is required in several BMS operations, such as remaining power and mileage estimation, battery capacity estimation, charge termination, and cell balancing. The open-circuit voltage (OCV) look-up-based SOC estimation approach is widely used in battery management systems. For OCV lookup, the OCV–SOC characteristic is empirically measured and parameterized a priori. The literature shows numerous OCV–SOC models and approaches to characterize them and use them in SOC estimation. However, the selection of an OCV–SOC model must consider several factors: (i) Modeling errors due to approximations, age/temperature effects, and cell-to-cell variations; (ii) Likelihood and severity of errors when the OCV–SOC parameters are rounded; (iii) Computing system requirements to store and process OCV parameters; and (iv) The required computational complexity of real-time OCV lookup algorithms. This paper presents a review of existing OCV–SOC models and proposes a systematic approach to select a suitable OCV–SOC for implementation based on various constraints faced by a BMS designer in practical application.

Keywords: battery management systems; Li-ion battery; state-of-charge estimation; open-circuit voltagemodels; Coulomb counting; battery model parameter estimation; curve fitting (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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