Review of Smart Grid and Nascent Energy Policies: Pakistan as a Case Study

Syed Zagam Abbas, Zulfiqar Ali, Anzar Mahmood, Syed Quosain Haider, Anila Kousar, Sohail Razzaq, Tehzeeb Ul Hassan and Chun-Lien Su
Additional contact information
Syed Zagam Abbas: Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
Zulfiqar Ali: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan
Anzar Mahmood: Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
Syed Quosain Haider: Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Debrecen, 4028 Debrecen, Hungary
Anila Kousar: Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
Sohail Razzaq: Department Electrical Engineering, COMSATS University, Abbottabad 22010, Pakistan
Tehzeeb Ul Hassan: Department of Electrical Engineering, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur 10250, Pakistan
Chun-Lien Su: Department of Electrical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 19, 1-23

Abstract: Smart grid plays a vital role in energy management systems. It helps to mitigate the demand side management of electricity by managing the microgrid. In the modern era, the concept of hybrid microgrids emerged which helps the smart grid management of electricity. Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) technology is used to integrate the hybrid microgrid. Thus, various policies and topologies are employed to perform the task meticulously. Pakistan being an energy deficient country has recently introduced some new policies such as Energy Wheeling Policy (EWP), Energy Import Policy (EIP), and Net Metering/Distributed Generation Policy (NMP) to manage the electricity demand effectively. In addition, the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act (EECA) has also been introduced. In this paper, we present the overview and impact of these policies in the context of the local energy market and modern information and communication mechanisms proposed for smart grids. These new policies primarily focus on energy demand–supply for various types of consumers such as the demand for bulk energy for industrial ventures and the distributed production by consumers. The EWP deals with obtaining power from remote areas within the country to ease the energy situation in populated load centers and the EIP highlights energy import guidelines from foreign countries. The NMP deals with the integration of renewable energy resources and EECA is more focused on the measures and standardization for energy efficiency and conservation. The benefits and challenges related to EWP, NMP, and EIP have also been discussed concerning the present energy crisis in Pakistan. The generalized lessons learned and comparison of a few aspects of these policies with some other countries are also presented.

Keywords: energy wheeling policy; energy import policy; energy efficiency; hybrid microgrid; net metering policy; smart grid and conservation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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