The Impact of the Environment, Digital–Social Inclusion, and Institutions on Inclusive Growth: A Conceptual and Empirical Analysis

Ghulam Ghouse, Aribah Aslam and Muhammad Bhatti
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Ghulam Ghouse: Economics Department, University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan
Aribah Aslam: Economics Department, University of Lahore, Lahore 55150, Pakistan

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 19, 1-19

Abstract: Though the literature on inclusive growth is rich, further well-founded studies are required on the issue of sustainable inclusive growth. This paper seeks to summarize the role of environmental degradation in inclusive growth based on carbon dioxide emissions, and its interaction with factors such as social inclusion, digital inclusion, and institutions. One of the findings derived from the generalized method of moments (GMM) model is that sustainable inclusive growth can be achieved in all three income groups from the global data while focusing on institutional quality, digital inclusion, and social inclusion. Simultaneously, the harmful effects of carbon dioxide emissions can be circumscribed. The major recommendations of this study are that efforts to achieve sustainable inclusive growth should combine mutually reinforcing policies, namely: (i) promoting environmentally focused sustainable inclusive growth with socio-digital inclusivity; (ii) ensuring a strong institutional playing field for achieving inclusive growth; and (iii) strengthening macroeconomic policies, which means controlling inflation, and enhancing trade openness and literacy levels.

Keywords: inclusive growth; social inclusion; digital inclusion; environmental degradation; CO 2 emissions; generalized method of moments (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (6)

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