Literature Review of Hybrid CO 2 Low Salinity Water-Alternating-Gas Injection and Investigation on Hysteresis Effect

Shijia Ma and Lesley A. James
Additional contact information
Shijia Ma: Hibernia EOR Research Group, Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
Lesley A. James: Hibernia EOR Research Group, Department of Process Engineering, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-38

Abstract: Low salinity water injection (LSWI) is considered to be more cost-effective and has less environmental impacts over conventional chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods. CO 2 Water-Alternating-Gas (WAG) injection is also a leading EOR flooding process. The hybrid EOR method, CO 2 low salinity (LS) WAG injection, which incorporates low salinity water into CO 2 WAG injection, is potentially beneficial in terms of optimizing oil recovery and decreasing operational costs. Experimental and simulation studies reveal that CO 2 LSWAG injection is influenced by CO 2 solubility in brine, brine salinity and composition, rock composition, WAG parameters, and wettability. However, the mechanism for increased recovery using this hybrid method is still debatable and the conditions under which CO 2 LSWAG injection is effective are still uncertain. Hence, a comprehensive review of the existing literature investigating LSWI and CO 2 WAG injection, and laboratory and simulation studies of CO 2 LSWAG injection is essential to understand current research progress, highlight knowledge gaps and identify future research directions. With the identified research gap, a core-scale simulation study on hysteresis effect in CO 2 LSWAG injection is carried out. The results indicate different changing trend in oil recovery due to the impact of salinity on hysteresis and excluding of hysteresis effect in CO 2 LSWAG injection simulation and optimization might lead to significant errors.

Keywords: low salinity water injection (LSWI); CO 2 WAG injection; CO 2 LSWAG injection; hysteresis effect (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7891/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/21/7891/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:21:p:7891-:d:951950

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().