A Systematic Approach to Thermochemical Treatment of Municipal Household Solid Waste into Valuable Products: Analysis of Routes, Gravimetric Analysis, Pre-Treatment of Solid Mixtures, Thermochemical Processes, and Characterization of Bio-Oils and Bio-Adsorbents

Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção, Diogo Oliveira Pereira, Jéssica Cristina Conte da Silva, Jorge Fernando Hungria Ferreira, Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra, Lucas Pinto Bernar, Caio Campos Ferreira, Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa, Lia Martins Pereira, Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz, Marcelo Costa Santos, Raise Brenda Pinheiro Ferreira, Beatriz Rocha Coqueiro, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida, Neyson Martins Mendonça, José Almir Rodrigues Pereira, Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota, Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro, Sergio Duvoisin, Antônio Augusto Martins Pereira, Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges and Nélio Teixeira Machado
Additional contact information
Fernanda Paula da Costa Assunção: Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Diogo Oliveira Pereira: Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Jéssica Cristina Conte da Silva: Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Jorge Fernando Hungria Ferreira: Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Kelly Christina Alves Bezerra: Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Lucas Pinto Bernar: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Caio Campos Ferreira: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Augusto Fernando de Freitas Costa: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Lia Martins Pereira: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Marcelo Costa Santos: Graduate Program of Natural Resources Engineering of Amazon, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil
Raise Brenda Pinheiro Ferreira: Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Beatriz Rocha Coqueiro: Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida: Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Neyson Martins Mendonça: Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
José Almir Rodrigues Pereira: Faculty of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-900, Brazil
Sílvio Alex Pereira da Mota: Graduate Program of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Folha 31, Quadra 7, Lote Especial-Nova Marabá, Marabá 68507-590, Brazil
Douglas Alberto Rocha de Castro: Department of Engineering, Lutheran University Center of Manaus (CEULM/ULBRA), Avenida Carlos Drummond de Andrade N°. 1460, Manaus 69077-730, Brazil
Sergio Duvoisin: Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas–UEA, Avenida Darcy Vargas N°. 1200, Manaus 69050-020, Brazil
Antônio Augusto Martins Pereira: Laboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia–IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N°. 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
Luiz Eduardo Pizarro Borges: Laboratory of Catalyst Preparation and Catalytic Cracking, Section of Chemical Engineering, Instituto Militar de Engenharia–IME, Praça General Tibúrcio N°. 80, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil
Nélio Teixeira Machado: Graduate Program of Civil Engineering, Campus Profissional-UFPA, Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa N° 1, Belém 66075-110, Brazil

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-30

Abstract: This work aims to investigate the effect of process temperature and catalyst content by pyrolysis and thermal catalytic cracking of (organic matter + paper) fraction from municipal household solid waste (MHSW) on the yields of reaction products (bio-oil, bio-char, H 2 O, and gas), acid value, chemical composition of bio-oils, and characterization of bio-chars in laboratory scale. The collecting sectors of MHSW in the municipality of Belém-Pará-Brazil were chosen based on geographic and socio-economic database. The MHSW collected and transported to the segregation area. The gravimetric analysis of MHSW was carried out and the fractions ( Paper , Cardboard , Tetra Pack , Hard Plastic , Soft Plastic , Metal , Glass , Organic Matter , and Inert ) were separated. The selected organic matter and paper were submitted to pre-treatment of crushing, drying, and sieving. The experiments carried out at 400, 450, and 475 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, and at 475 °C and 1.0 atmosphere, using 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0% (wt.) Ca(OH) 2 , in batch mode. The bio-oil was characterized for acid value. The chemical functions present in bio-oil were identified by FT-IR and the composition was identified by GC-MS. The bio-char was characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD. The variance in mass (wt.%) for organic fractions of municipal household solid waste (OFMHSW), between 56.21 and 67.45% (wt.) , lies with the interval of 56% (wt.) and 64% (wt.) of OFMHSW for middle- and low-income countries. The pyrolysis of MHSW fraction (organic matter + paper) shows bio-oil yields between 2.63 and 9.41% (wt.), aqueous phase yields between 28.58 and 35.08% (wt.), solid phase yields between 35.29 and 45.75% (wt.), and gas yields between 16.54 and 26.72% (wt.). The bio-oil yield increases with pyrolysis temperature. For the catalytic cracking, the bio-oil and gas yields increase slightly with CaO content, while that of bio-char decreases, and the H 2 O phase remains constant. The GC-MS of liquid reaction products identified the presence of hydrocarbons (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, cycloalkanes, and aromatics) and oxygenates (carboxylic acids, ketones, esters, alcohols, phenols, and aldehydes), as well as compounds containing nitrogen, including amides and amines. The acidity of bio-oil decreases with increasing process temperature and with aid Ca(OH) 2 as a catalyst. The concentration of hydrocarbons in bio-oil increases with increasing Ca(OH) 2 -to-OFMHSW fraction ratio due to the catalytic deoxygenation of fatty acid molecules, by means of decarboxylation/decarbonylation, producing aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons.

Keywords: MHSW; organic fraction from MHSW; thermal processing; bio-char characterization; bio-oil: liquid hydrocarbons (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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