The Relationship between Structure and Catalytic Activity-Stability of Non-Precious Metal-Based Catalysts towards Levulinic Acid Hydrogenation to γ-Valerolactone: A Review

Ying Yang (), Yuhang Sun and Xinruo Luo
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Ying Yang: State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Yuhang Sun: State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
Xinruo Luo: State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-26

Abstract: Hydrogenation of levulinic acid (LA) to γ-valerolactone (GVL) is regarded as the bridge between bio-refinery and the traditional petroleum industry. In recent years, non-precious metal-based catalysts for LA hydrogenation to GVL have attracted much attention owing to their low cost and high efficiency. Metal-involving catalytic hydrogenation of LA is the rate-determining step in the production of GVL, and thus the active site structure of metal-based catalysts governs the overall catalytic performance. Herein, non-precious metal-based catalytic systems including Cu, Zr, Co and Ni are classified into single metal (M = Ni, Cu and Co), bimetallic (Cu–Ni, Ag–Ni, Cu–Co and Co–Zn), metal-heteroatom (M–O and M–N) and heterostructured (CePO 4 /CoP 2 and Ni/NiO) catalysts according to the type of active site structure. The correlation of active site structure with catalytic activity is discussed emphatically, and its relationship with stability is also referred to in terms of strong metal–support interaction, bimetallic synergism, core–shell structure and heterojunction. This review provides an important guide for the rational design of high-performance non-precious metal-based catalysts for the LA-to-GVL process.

Keywords: non-precious metal; levulinic acid; ?-valerolactone; activity; stability; structure–property relationship (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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