A Particle Swarm Optimization Technique Tuned TID Controller for Frequency and Voltage Regulation with Penetration of Electric Vehicles and Distributed Generations

Hiramani Shukla, Srete Nikolovski (), More Raju (), Ankur Singh Rana and Pawan Kumar
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Hiramani Shukla: Electrical Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, Bhopal 462003, India
Srete Nikolovski: Power Engineering Department, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, K. Trpimira 2B, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
More Raju: Electrical Engineering Department, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology Bhopal, Bhopal 462003, India
Ankur Singh Rana: Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
Pawan Kumar: Electrical and Instrumentation Engineering Department, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 21, 1-32

Abstract: An interconnected power system requires specific restrictions to be maintained for frequency, tie-line power, and the terminal voltage of synchronized generators to avoid instability. Therefore, frequency stability and voltage regulation issues are covered individually and jointly in the current research work. Initially in test system 1, automatic generation control (AGC) investigations are done on two interconnected systems with thermal plants and electric vehicles in one area and distributed generation and electric vehicles in other area. The automatic voltage regulator (AVR) problem alone is chosen for investigation in test system 2. The third test system addresses the combined AGC and AVR issues. The performance of the fractional-order tilt-integral-derivative (TID) controller is compared with that of a widely used proportional integral derivative (PID) controller in all three test systems studies. The findings demonstrate better performance of the TID controller than PID in terms of providing superior dynamic metrics, such as low peak overshoots, undershoots, and settling time, as well as decreased oscillations amplitudes. Additionally, TID performs better than PID despite randomized load disturbance, system non-linearities, and time delays in AGC and the combined AGC and AVR problem. The PSO-tuned TID controller is insensitive to variation in load damping factor and time constants of the AVR system. Finally, the results are validated by an OPAL-RT 4510 real-time digital simulator.

Keywords: automatic generation control; automatic voltage regulator; electric vehicles; particle swarm optimization; tilt-integral derivative; time delay (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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