Facile Preparations of Electrochemically Exfoliated N-Doped Graphene Nanosheets from Spent Zn-Carbon Primary Batteries Recycled for Supercapacitors Using Natural Sea Water Electrolytes

Vediyappan Thirumal, T. V. M. Sreekanth, Kisoo Yoo () and Jinho Kim ()
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Vediyappan Thirumal: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Gyeongsan-si 712749, Republic of Korea
T. V. M. Sreekanth: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Gyeongsan-si 712749, Republic of Korea
Kisoo Yoo: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Gyeongsan-si 712749, Republic of Korea
Jinho Kim: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 214-1, Gyeongsan-si 712749, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 22, 1-17

Abstract: A single production of nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets was developed in this present work from a spent Zn-C primary battery. The electrochemically exfoliated nitrogen-doped graphene nanosheets (EC-N-GNS) was applied in supercapacitor symmetric devices. As-prepared EC-N-GNS was utilized for a symmetric supercapacitor with natural seawater multivalent ion electrolyte. The recycling of graphite into nitrogen-doped graphene was characterized by X-ray diffraction and RAMAN spectroscopy. The few-layered morphological structures of EC-N-GNS were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscope and field emission transmission electron microscope. The electrochemical analysis of the cyclic voltammetry curves observed an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) behavior with a potential window of −0.8 V to +0.5 V. The electrochemical galvanostatic charge—discharge study was obtained to be maximum specific capacitance (Csp)—67.69 F/g and 43.07 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. We promising the facile single-step electrochemically exfoliated EC-N-GNS was obtained from a waste zinc-carbon primary battery to recycle the graphite electrodes. The superior electrochemical performance comparatively bulk graphite and EC-N-GNS for potential energy storage supercapacitor applications.

Keywords: batteries; recycling; nitrogen-doped; electrochemical; supercapacitor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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