Enhanced Biodiesel Synthesis via a Homogenizer-Assisted Two-Stage Conversion Process Using Waste Edible Oil as Feedstock

Ming-Chien Hsiao, Peir-Horng Liao, Kuo-Chou Yang, Nguyen Vu Lan and Shuhn-Shyurng Hou ()
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Ming-Chien Hsiao: Green Energy Technology Research Center, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71070, Taiwan
Peir-Horng Liao: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71070, Taiwan
Kuo-Chou Yang: Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71070, Taiwan
Nguyen Vu Lan: Department of International Relations, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
Shuhn-Shyurng Hou: Green Energy Technology Research Center, Kun Shan University, Tainan 71070, Taiwan

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 23, 1-15

Abstract: In this study, a homogenizer in conjunction with a two-stage process was utilized to facilitate biodiesel production from waste edible oil (WEO). This paper contributes to the improvement of the yield and the shortening of the reaction time for biodiesel synthesis. Sulfuric acid was used in the first stage which was the esterification of the free fatty acids (FFA) of the WEO; then the transesterification reaction of triglycerides took place in the second stage with an alkaline catalysis. The present investigation aimed to explore the parameters affecting the reactions, including homogenizer speed, alcohol/oil molar ratio, catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and reaction time. Under the operating conditions of the first stage (the reaction temperature was 65 °C, the homogenizer speed was 8000 rpm, the methanol/oil molar ratio was 15:1, and the amount of sulfuric acid was 4 wt%), the acid value fell to below 2 mg KOH/g after 10 min. The best base-catalyzed conditions in the second stage were: homogenizer speed of 8000 rpm, NaOH catalyst concentration of 1 wt%, methanol/oil molar ratio of 9:1 (mol/mol), reaction temperature of 65 °C, and reaction time 10 min. Consequently, the conversion rate from WEO to biodiesel achieved 97% after only 20 min, in line with the EU EN14214 standard, which requires a biodiesel production rate of at least 96.5%.

Keywords: biodiesel; waste edible oil; transesterification; homogenize; esterification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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