Grid-Forming Virtual Power Plants: Concepts, Technologies and Advantages

Khalil Gholami, Behnaz Behi, Ali Arefi and Philip Jennings ()
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Khalil Gholami: Department of Electrical Engineering, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah 67146, Iran
Behnaz Behi: Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
Ali Arefi: Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
Philip Jennings: Discipline of Engineering and Energy, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 23, 1-26

Abstract: Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) are efficient structures for attracting private investment, increasing the penetration of renewable energy and reducing the cost of electricity for consumers. It is expected that the number of VPPs will increase rapidly as their financial return is attractive to investors. VPPs will provide added value to consumers, to power systems and to electricity markets by contributing to different services such as the energy and load-following services. One of the capabilities that will become critical in the near future, when large power plants are retired, is grid-forming capability. This review paper introduces the concept of grid-forming VPPs along with their corresponding technologies and their advantages for the new generation of power systems with many connected VPPs.

Keywords: virtual power plant; grid-forming inverters; renewable energy; energy storage; review (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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