The Dielectric Properties of Worker Bee Homogenate in a High Frequency Electric Field

Leszek Szychta (), Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz, Elżbieta Szychta, Krzysztof Olszewski, Grzegorz Putynkowski, Tadeusz Barczak and Piotr Wasilewski
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Leszek Szychta: Faculty of Telecommunications, IT and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Piotr Jankowski-Mihułowicz: Department of Electronic and Telecommunications Systems, Rzeszów University of Technology, ul. Wincentego Pola 2, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
Elżbieta Szychta: Faculty of Telecommunications, IT and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Krzysztof Olszewski: Department of Apidology, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
Grzegorz Putynkowski: Technology Research and Development Center for Industry, Waryńskiego 3A, 00-645 Warszawa, Poland
Tadeusz Barczak: Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Piotr Wasilewski: Faculty of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Al. Kaliskiego 7, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 24, 1-18

Abstract: Biological tissues, including insect tissues, are among lossy dielectric materials. The permittivity properties of these materials are described by loss factor ε ″ and loss tangent tg δ . The dielectric properties of the worker honeybee body homogenate are tested in the range of high frequencies from 1 MHz to 6 GHz. The homogenate is produced by mixing whole worker honeybees and tested with an epsilometer from Compass Technology and a Copper Mountain Technologies vector circuit analyser VNA. Due to their consistency, the homogenate samples are placed inside polyurethane sachets. The measured permittivity relates to two components of a sample: homogenate and polyurethane. For five samples, two extremes were specified for the permittivity, loss factor ε ″ , and the loss tangent tg δ , for the frequency range 20 ÷ 80 MHz and 3 GHz. Four techniques of testing permittivity in biological tissues were used to determine the dielectric properties of the homogenate. A calculation model was developed featuring a minimum measurement error of the loss factor ε ″ and the loss tangent tg δ . The power absorbed per unit volume is described for the whole frequency range.

Keywords: honeybees; high frequency electric field; dielectric permittivity; radio and microwave measurements (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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