Advances in Cryogenic Fracturing of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs with LN 2

Sotirios Nik. Longinos (), Lei Wang and Randy Hazlett
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Sotirios Nik. Longinos: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
Lei Wang: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
Randy Hazlett: Department of Petroleum Engineering, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 24, 1-21

Abstract: Coalbed methane (CBM) is a significant unconventional natural gas resource existing in matrix pores and fractures of coal seams and is a cleaner energy resource compared to coal and crude oil. To produce CBM, stimulation operations are required, given that the coal permeability is generally too low. Hydraulic fracturing is the most widely used technology for reservoir stimulation; however, there are a few challenging issues associated with it, e.g., huge water consumption. In the past decade, the use of liquid nitrogen (LN 2 ) as a fracturing fluid has been intensively studied for stimulating CBM reservoirs, achieving considerable progress in understanding fracturing mechanisms and optimizing fracturing techniques. This paper presents a thorough review of experimental design and observations, modeling procedures and results, field applications, and published patents. Existing studies are divided into five different groups for discussion and comparison, including immersion tests, injection tests, jet drilling tests, numerical modeling, and field applications. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the outcomes, it is obvious that cryogenic fracturing using LN 2 is a promising eco-friendly fracturing technique that can effectively enhance coal rock permeability to increase the production of CBM.

Keywords: cryogenic fracturing; coalbed methane; immersion tests; injection experiments; numerical modeling (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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