The Impact of HVAC on the Development of Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Concepts

Adrian König, Sebastian Mayer, Lorenzo Nicoletti, Stephan Tumphart and Markus Lienkamp
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Adrian König: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
Sebastian Mayer: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
Lorenzo Nicoletti: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
Stephan Tumphart: Magna Powertrain, Engineering Center Steyr, 4300 St. Valentin, Austria
Markus Lienkamp: Institute of Automotive Technology, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, 85748 Garching, Germany

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: Automation and electrification are changing vehicles and mobility. Whereas electrification is mainly changing the powertrain, automation enables the rethinking of the vehicle and its applications. The actual driving range is an important requirement for the design of automated and electric vehicles, especially if they are part of a fleet. To size the battery accordingly, not only the consumption of the powertrain has to be estimated, but also that of the auxiliary users. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is one of the biggest auxiliary consumers. Thus, a variable HVAC model for vehicles with electric powertrain was developed to estimate the consumption depending on vehicle size and weather scenario. After integrating the model into a tool for autonomous and electric vehicle concept development, various vehicle concepts were simulated in different weather scenarios and driving cycles with the HVAC consumption considered for battery sizing. The results indicate that the battery must be resized significantly depending on the weather scenario to achieve the same driving ranges. Furthermore, the percentage of HVAC consumption is in some cases higher than that of the powertrain for urban driving cycles, due to lower average speeds. Thus, the HVAC and its energy demand should especially be considered in the development of autonomous and electric vehicles that are primarily used in cities.

Keywords: battery electric vehicles; vehicle concept; autonomous; HVAC; auxiliary; WLTP; optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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