Development of Combined Load Spectra for Offshore Structures Subjected to Wind, Wave, and Ice Loading

Moritz Braun, Alfons Dörner, Kane F. ter Veer, Tom Willems, Marc Seidel, Hayo Hendrikse, Knut V. Høyland, Claas Fischer and Sören Ehlers
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Moritz Braun: Institute for Ship Structural Design and Analysis, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
Alfons Dörner: Institute for Ship Structural Design and Analysis, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
Kane F. ter Veer: Institute for Ship Structural Design and Analysis, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany
Tom Willems: Formerly: Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy GmbH & Co. KG, 20097 Hamburg, Germany
Marc Seidel: Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy GmbH & Co. KG, 20097 Hamburg, Germany
Hayo Hendrikse: Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
Knut V. Høyland: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
Claas Fischer: TÜV NORD EnSys GmbH & Co. KG, 22769 Hamburg, Germany
Sören Ehlers: Institute for Ship Structural Design and Analysis, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-17

Abstract: Fixed offshore wind turbines continue to be developed for high latitude areas where not only wind and wave loads need to be considered but also moving sea ice. Current rules and regulations for the design of fixed offshore structures in ice-covered waters do not adequately consider the effects of ice loading and its stochastic nature on the fatigue life of the structure. Ice crushing on such structures results in ice-induced vibrations, which can be represented by loading the structure using a variable-amplitude loading (VAL) sequence. Typical offshore load spectra are developed for wave and wind loading. Thus, a combined VAL spectrum is developed for wind, wave, and ice action. To this goal, numerical models are used to simulate the dynamic ice-, wind-, and wave-structure interaction. The stress time-history at an exemplarily selected critical point in an offshore wind energy monopile support structure is extracted from the model and translated into a VAL sequence, which can then be used as a loading sequence for the fatigue assessment or fatigue testing of welded joints of offshore wind turbine support structures. This study presents the approach to determine combined load spectra and standardized time series for wind, wave, and ice action.

Keywords: arctic conditions; ice-induced vibrations; offshore wind turbine support structures; stress-time sequence; damage model; rainflow counting; Markov chain method; omission level; low-temperature fatigue (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
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