Examining the Relationship between Energy Consumption and Unfavorable CO 2 Emissions on Sustainable Development by Going through Various Violated Factors and Stochastic Disturbance–Based on a Three-Stage SBM-DEA Model

Wengchin Fong, Yao Sun and Yujie Chen
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Wengchin Fong: School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
Yao Sun: School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
Yujie Chen: Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau 999078, China

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-22

Abstract: The article applies a three-stage Slacks-Based Measure-Data Envelopment Analysis (SBM-DEA) pattern to examine the relationship between energy consumption and unfavorable CO 2 emissions on green sustainable development, for the 11 cities of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA) during 2010–2016, by going through various violated factors and stochastic disturbance. Labor, capital and energy resource are chosen as input variables, while GDP and CO 2 emission as output variables. During the three phases consisting of the SBM-DEA model (first stage and third stage) and SFA analysis (second stage), CO 2 emission is considered as an unfavorable outcome, while stochastic statistical disturbances and external environmental influences are identified. The results show that the average efficiency of the GBA cities is 0.708, with only Shenzhen, Macao SAR and Hong Kong SAR having an efficiency of 1 during the whole study period. Based on the findings, suggestions are made for the GBA cities’ sustainable development aspects.

Keywords: Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA); energy efficiency; slack-based model (SBM); undesirable output; three-stage DEA; influencing factors (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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