An Adaptive Load Frequency Control for Power Systems with Renewable Energy Sources

Mohamed Mokhtar, Mostafa I. Marei, Mariam A. Sameh and Mahmoud A. Attia
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Mohamed Mokhtar: Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
Mostafa I. Marei: Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt
Mariam A. Sameh: Electrical Engineering Department, Future University in Egypt, Cairo 11835, Egypt
Mahmoud A. Attia: Electrical Power and Machines Department, Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11517, Egypt

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 2, 1-22

Abstract: The frequency of power systems is very sensitive to load variations. Additionally, with the increased penetration of renewable energy sources in electrical grids, stabilizing the system frequency becomes more challenging. Therefore, Load Frequency Control (LFC) is used to keep the frequency within its acceptable limits. In this paper, an adaptive controller is proposed to enhance the system performance under load variations. Moreover, the proposed controller overcomes the disturbances resulting from the natural operation of the renewable energy sources such as Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS) and Photovoltaic (PV) system. The superiority of the proposed controller compared to the classical LFC schemes is that it has auto tuned parameters. The validation of the proposed controller is carried out through four case studies. The first case study is dedicated to a two-area LFC system under load variations. The WECS is considered as a disturbance for the second case study. Moreover, to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller, the dynamic performance is compared with previous work based on an optimized controller in the third case study. Finally in the fourth case study, a sensitivity analysis is carried out through parameters variations in the nonlinear PV-thermal hybrid system. The novel application of the adaptive controller into the LFC leads to enhance the system performance under disturbance of different sources of renewable energy. Moreover, a robustness test is presented to validate the reliability of the proposed controller.

Keywords: load frequency control (LFC); Wave Energy Conversion System (WECS); PV-thermal hybrid system; adaptive controller (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (4)

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