Management of Radioactive Waste from HTGR Reactors including Spent TRISO Fuel—State of the Art

Katarzyna Kiegiel, Irena Herdzik-Koniecko, Leon Fuks and Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz
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Katarzyna Kiegiel: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
Irena Herdzik-Koniecko: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
Leon Fuks: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-18

Abstract: In light of the increasing demand for energy sources in the world and the need to meet climate goals set by countries, there is growing global interest in high temperature gas cooled reactors (HTGRs), especially as they are known to be inherently safe nuclear reactors. The safety of HTGRs results, among other, from the nature of the nuclear fuel used in them in the form of coated TRISO particles (tri-structural-isotropic) and the reduction of the total amount of radioactive waste generated. This paper reviews numerous methods used to ensure the sustainable, feasible management and long-term storage of HTGR nuclear waste for the protection of the environment and society. The types of waste generated in the HTGR cycle are presented as well as the methods of their characterization, which are important for long-time storage and final disposal. Two leading nuclear fuel cycle strategies, the once-through cycle (direct disposal or open cycle) and the twice-through cycle (recycling or partially closed cycle), are discussed also in relation to TRISO spent fuel. A short review of the possibilities of treatment of TRISO spent nuclear fuel from HTGR reactors is made.

Keywords: TRISO spent fuel; reprocessing; disposal (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (2)

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