Measuring Green Marketing: Scale Development and Validation

Neringa Vilkaite-Vaitone, Ilona Skackauskiene and Gonzalo Díaz-Meneses
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Neringa Vilkaite-Vaitone: Department of Management, Faculty of Business Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUSTECH), 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Ilona Skackauskiene: Department of Management, Faculty of Business Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (VILNIUSTECH), 10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Gonzalo Díaz-Meneses: Department of Economics and Business, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas, Spain

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-17

Abstract: Academics and practitioners are paying increasing attention to green marketing as lesser damage to the environment and future generations become a priority in a current complex business environment. Despite the expanding studies in this field, there is still a lack of psychometrically sound scales to measure green marketing practices. To fill this gap, the research aimed to develop and evaluate a multifaceted green marketing scale. First, we draw on theoretical evidence to define and conceptualize the construct of green marketing. Then, we use a multistudy scale development process to create and validate the Green Marketing Scale (GMaS). Two groups of participants were used for the validation of the scale. Study 1 ( n = 102), with the help of exploratory factor analysis (EFA), refined and reduced the items, proposed the factor structure. Study 2 ( n = 155) established the validity of the construct and the reliability of the scale. The authors have tested the six-factor model against the four-factor models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with a sample of marketing managers. The results of the CFA have indicated that the revised version of the four-factor model appears to be the most tenable solution, as it shows the best fit for the data. The resulting 14-item GMaS captures a variety of green marketing manifestations across organizational settings and involves the dimensions of Strategy, Internal Marketing, Product, and Marketing Communication. In general, the research confirms the validity and reliability of the GMaS scale and can be used to measure green marketing in organizational settings in the energy industry.

Keywords: green marketing scale; scale development; scale validation; internal marketing; external marketing; strategy; tactics; operations; clean technology (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (7)

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