BESS Primary Frequency Control Strategies for the West Africa Power Pool

Julius Abayateye, Silvia Corigliano, Marco Merlo and Dan Zimmerle
Additional contact information
Julius Abayateye: Energy Institute, System Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Silvia Corigliano: Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 015146 Milan, Italy
Marco Merlo: Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, 015146 Milan, Italy
Dan Zimmerle: Energy Institute, System Engineering Department, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA

Energies, 2022, vol. 15, issue 3, 1-25

Abstract: In recent years, power systems have been moving from conventional power plants toward the integration of renewable energy sources (RES). This trend is taking shape in many developing economies, including in the West Africa Power Pool (WAPP). The integration of RES, however, stresses grid security and stability due to the variability and intermittency of the underlying renewable sources. Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) have been identified as a possible solution to address the frequency control challenges in the WAPP Interconnected Transmission System (WAPPITS) in order to help to accommodate high levels of RES. This paper analyzes the application and effectiveness of BESS in providing primary frequency control reserves in the WAPPITS. The analyses are based on numerical simulations that were performed using an open-loop model based on historic frequency measurements from the WAPPITS. The simplified model provided a first-order analysis of the frequency control and state of charge (SOC) restoration logic for BESS installations. This study indicates that a droop-based control strategy that is able to react only to the symmetrical and fast frequency oscillations in the network could be appropriate for regulating BESS in the system. Moreover, it demonstrates that the deployment of BESS alone does not solve frequency control problems and a deep revision of the frequency control service is required, mainly involving traditional power plants.

Keywords: Battery Energy Storage System (BESS); primary frequency control; mixed integer linear programming; renewable energy sources; SOC restoration (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2022
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/990/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/3/990/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:3:p:990-:d:737356

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().